This is possible because of a shared context by the utterer and the hearer as well as some common rule-like assumptions called maxims of conversation. He defined four maxims — of quantity, quality, relation and manner. The content of the maxims defined by Grice was put under large criticism. This led to the formation of alternative ideas by, among others, Levinson , Sperber and Wilson or Horn The main objections directed at the gricean account were that it is narrow, as the informatively oriented communication occurs rarely in human interactions.
Consequently, the content of maxims defined by Grice cannot be applied in legal contexts. This paper aims at considering only one of the multiple contexts in the realm of law — the relations between the legislature and the judicial powers.
Three hypothesis will be investigated: I there is a conversation between the courts and the legislature, but the maxim-content is specific A. Klemm, Bibliografia: Klemm, W. Readiness potentials preceding unrestricted spontaneous pre-planned voluntary acts, Electroencephalographic and Clinical Neurophysiology — Wegner, D.
Barad, V. Kirby, S. Jak pisze E. Bibilografia Dennett, Daniel. Fodor, Jerry. Putnam, Hilary. Grobler: s. PWN, Warszawa Druga, to A. Bibliografia: 1. Pietruszczak, 'Space, Points and Mereology. Jusiak, 'Filozofia nauki i teoria poznania A. Bibliografia: M. Foucault, Filozofia, historia, polityka. Czyni tak np. Bas Van Fraassen. Bibliografia 1.
Maxwell, G. III, s. Czarnocka, M. Van Fraassen B. At the turn of the previous century, he was a leader of progressive education. He was probably one of the most controversial figure at that time and he was severely criticized at the dawn of his academic career when people were trying to implement his ideas but they failed to do so due to superficial manner of such practice.
Dewey has been, however, largely misunderstood mainly because his wannabe followers read some of his works and neglected understanding others. For instance, they could read only works devoted to pedagogy and philosophy of education but they did not pay attention to his thought on epistemology, logic, and politics, which were all-important to understand and properly apply his pedagogical thought into practice.
For example, progressive ideas are frequently encountered in official curricula or other documents assessing performance of the educating institution but, in fact, they hardly ever influence their practice. What is more, some of the methods are widely misinterpreted such as project-based learning and then labeled progressive and claimed to be prepared in Deweyan fashion.
An Introduction to Philosophy of Education. John Dewey as Educator. His Design for Work in Education But if these two experiences are different at the fundamental level, how is it possible that they are indistinguishable at the subjective level?
Whatever explanation of indistinguishability one will propose, it will be connected with some theory of phenomenal consciousness. Disjunctivists like Mike Martin hold that perceptual relation with an object is precisely what makes the subject conscious. Content disjunctivists like Michael Tye, on the other hand, embrace the weak intentionalist view that all experiences are representational, but it is not necessary that any change in representational content will be matched by a change in phenomenal character and vice versa.
I think that the former position is too extreme while the latter misses the point of disjunctivism. The view that I consider the most plausible is that hallucinations actually do have a phenomenal character or qualia, if you will , but the subject is not infallible about it. References: Martin, M.
Byrne and H. O roli ostensji w argumentacji G. Bibliografia Moore G. Putnam H. Adam Glober, Warszawa Kant I. Kierkegaard S. Warszawa: PWN. Quine W. Barbara Stanosz. Warszawa: Aletheia. Czy dyssymetria posiada status ontologiczny? Jaki jest jej status metodologiczny? Rickles D. Elsevir Hoffmann R. Jakub Ryszard Matyja Embodiment and joint musical attention Joint attention takes place when two or more people are mutually aware that they are attending to some object in the environment.
Recently, both philosophers Cochrane, and neuroscientists Keller, have investigated this phenomenon from the perspective of musical interactions between embodied agents. Interestingly, joint musical attention can be studied from the perspective of ensemble musicians occurring, for example, during musical improvisation , as well as their listeners.
As such, joint musical attention underlines the complex, dynamic and embodied nature of our involvement with music. However, some interesting questions remain: how does joint musical attention come into being?
What are its basic and necessary conditions? The aim of this talk is to suggest some possible answers to these questions. I suggest that embodied interactions between musicians and their audience musical gestures are implicated in the basic, pre-conceptual, corporeal, motor intentionality Sinigaglia, that in turn allows for the origin of joint musical attention. My claim here is supported both by research in neuroscience focused on human mirror neurons system and music and philosophy especially research on motor intentionality.
Importantly, motor intentionality, a concept not often applied to musical research, can be traced in humans from birth. This type of intentionality remains distinct from brain-bound intentionality present in cognitivist accounts on music cognition. The latter type of intentionality, I argue, is unable to provide a holistic view of our interactions with music in social contexts. Brain-bound intentionality neglects the embodied nature of our involvement with music for instance reflected in spontaneous synchronization of bodily movements to music while explaining solely our mental processing of music.
In conclusion, I argue that the case of joint musical attention should serve as an example of how contemporary philosophy of music can benefit from acknowledging the embodied basis of music cognition as well as its various social dimensions.
Bibliography: Cochrane, T. Joint attention to music. British Journal of Aesthetics, vol Number — Keller, P. Joint action in musical performance. In Morganti F. Amsterdam, IOS press. Sinigaglia, C. Tomasz Herok Empirical evidence against moral realism Arguably the most common argument against moral realism the view that, roughly speaking, moral judgments express beliefs that can be true or false in virtue of some objective moral facts is the argument from moral disagreement.
According to this argument, the persistence of moral disagreements is best explained by the non-existence of objective moral facts. Moral realists typically respond to this objection by claiming that under ideal circumstances i. However, as Doris and Stich point out , , some empirical studies suggest that there exist moral disagreements which cannot be explained away by the lack of impartiality, lack of rationality or ignorance of non-moral facts. I want to discuss a study that seems to fit in this category, namely the study of the attitudes toward the so-called non-harmful violations Haidt et al.
I also want to mention a number of other empirical studies that seem to support the argument from moral disagreement. Literature: 1. Doris, J. Haidt, J. Sayre-McCord, G. Gdzie w tym wszystkim jest sztuka i estetyka? Bibliografia: 1 Ostrowicki M. Bibliografia: Savulescu, J. Most of the researches carried out so far seem to undermine contextualism. The majority of these experiments were conducted using independent samples no subject saw more than one context that was supposed to differentiate the judgments concerning meaning.
However, there is also an experiment that can be seen as support to contextualism. Hansen and Chemla have conducted a study in dependent measurements setting every subject got acquainted with all the contexts for all scenarios included. I will also claim that this kind of influence on data can be treated as a form of experimental bias that may undermine the thesis that results of x-phi studies - not only in field of contextualism - are philosophically significant.
As an element of my argumentation I will present the results of my own empirical studies revealing certain methodological shortcomings of experimental settings used so far. Bibliography: Buckwalter W. Feltz A. Hansen N. Bibliografia: A. Milczarek i C. Janusz Sidorek, Warszawa Bibliografia: Cornelius Agrippa, De occulta philosophia sive de magia libri tres, ed.
Brill, Nauert Charles G. Chyrowicz B. Heath, ed. Heath and J. Schneewind, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Merle J. The similar problem can be found in the works of the 17th C.
In a nutshell, the argument formulated by Descartes may be put into the following structure. People have the natural belief that the external world exists. God exists for instance on the basis of the ontological proof.
If God exists and the external world does not exist, then God is a deceiver. However, God cannot be a deceiver it is impossible for God to be a deceiver so the external world exists. Hume responds to this argument claiming that it forms the unexpected circle. To answer a question whether the world exists, we may refer to his previous work, "Treatise", where Hume provides the readers with a skeptical account on the existence of the external world.
Misztal i T. Znamierowski, Fundacja Aletheia. Warszawa Mill In J. Exactly in this context rudiments of utilitarianism and classical liberalism are merged with each other. Despite of the inconsistence existing in creative - work of English philosopher in those interesting for me areas of philosophy, which I mentioned above, we might observed common points of his thought concerning ethics as well as social and political philosophy.
The principle of utility is J. This principle refers to idea to maximize happiness and minimize suffering.
It is not clear enough, if philosopher was proponent of hedonism or eudemonism. In his works we are able to find exemplars which corroborate his participation in both this traditions.
In regard to social and political philosophy, foundation of thought by J. Mill is made by on the principle of liberty together with its various forms. This principle is a basis for the liberal vision of organization of social and political life. The main aim of my presentation will be to reveal the relation between the ideas of happiness and liberty and at the same time relation between utilitarianism and liberalism in views of English philosopher.
My main thesis focuses on the claim that the common point of thinking about happiness and liberty will be the principle of meliorism, that is to say, the conviction that the role of self-development of individual is indispensable for the growth in individual as well as social dimension.
Simultaneously, my main aim will be to present a synthetic framework of ethics and social and political philosophy by J. Mill which will be counterargument against inconsistency of his thought by virtue of finding a common denominator in it. RAU, Z. The theory claims that the groups have a group mind of their own and group intentional states, which cannot be reduced to the states and minds of individual group members, despite remaining in a supervenience relation with the individual group members.
Firstly, in this speech, I am going to reconstruct the group-mind theory. In doing so, I will be attempting to point out that this theory makes a natural complement to the previous accounts heard in the debate about the problem of group intentionality, particularly in the non- summative accounts.
Secondly, I will be defending the theory from the selected arguments, which have been presented recently in the subject literature. Thirdly, I will be considering whether it is justifiable to apply some of neuroscientific studies like the theory of mirror neurons, as complementary to the group agency theory, in general and the group-mind theory, in particular.
I believe that this joint research can reveal that human beings are, in fact, evolutionary designed to cooperate with each other and create complex cognitive group structures. Schmitt, ,ed.
Zahavi D. Bratman, we have four basic norms of planning agency as seen from the perspective of planning theory of intentions: consistency, coherence, stability, and agglomeration. In my talk I investigate the norm of stability of intentions over time, which is responsible for overall stability of planning agency. Bratman rightly stresses that the reverse of stability is inertia Bratman, He also agrees, that plans states are potentially a target of modification, but leaves the problem of inertial intentions largely untouched.
Is that picture of planning norms which ascribe inherent inertia to our intentions a good picture? I think it lacks an important element. Without it, stability of intentions, understood as a norm, may have a catastrophic consequences for our temporally extended actions. In other words, planning norms of agency are not complete without the norm of plasticity, and the full understanding of intentions inertia allows to see why it is so. Literature: Bratman, M. Bratman, M. Wojtasiewicz, Oxford, Pergamon Press — 1st Polish ed.
Reasoning based on sources in historical research is a hostile environment for formal analysis. Such a task, if taken up with regard of the actual position of the historian, requires handling sources containing data of varying reliability, incomplete, and often inconsistent with each other. The issue here is not, however, to build a logic of historical research.
Our scope of interest is limited, for the time being, in proposing a formal framework for the concept of reliable information analogue to the mentioned cases. We assume a division of a single source, as understood above, into several sets of equally reliable information.
The limitation of available sources is reflected by the use of a notion of information state, understood similarly as in inquisitive semantics. We also use a specific partial ordering reliability relation between possible worlds, by which we define reliable support of information in an information state.
The presentation will consist of two major parts. This logic is obtained from classical propositional logic by introducing a paracomplete negation. The framework itself will be described in the second part. After these we will present a simple application of these tools for explanatory purposes, based on a factual example of multiple historical sources contradicting each other. Bibliography: 1 D'Agostino M. After Kant, Frege, Russell and Quine the idea that " However, it may be just a dogma that we should verify.
There are philosophers P. Geach, B. Miller, G. Klima who tried to defend the view that ' In my paper I would like to present their arguments in favor of this view.
Firstly, I will present P. Next I will focus on arguments given by B. Miller in defense of the predicate ' He agrees that there are cases when existence is not a real predicate, but for him it is only a part of reality. In cooperation with the Chief Sanitary Inspector. Our research has improved community health outcomes through flexible adaptation to social changes. Participation in several research teams carrying out evaluation of prevention programmes and the whole system of prevention in Poland:.
Recent decades have been characterised by a rapid increase in the use of communication through electronic devices smartphones, tablets, computers, especially laptops. Among the laureates there was dr hab. Krzysztof Wojcieszek. Dr hab. Krzysztof Wojcieszek, prof. SWWS in recognition of his special commitment to counteracting drug addiction, he was awarded by the National Bureau for Drug Prevention.
Radio Maryja : I solve Polish alcohol problems? Radio Maryja: I solve Polish alcohol problems? PL- Percentages in the time of the virus Article Onet — Wojcieszek K. DiG : Warszawa. Poland is a country with a fairly high level of alcohol problems, which have a negative impact on social life as a whole. In particular, it is addressed to the Polish elite, because, as the experience of actions in the 19th and 20th centuries teaches us, it is the attitude of the elite that determines the pace and direction of any positive changes.
Krzysztof Wojcieszek PhD with habilitation ,. The paper presents school prevention in Poland as a whole, based on a two-year field study. The mentioned text refers to the socio-cultural determinants of education for sobriety, pointing out trends in protective factors and their current deficits resulting from research. The text discusses the pedagogical aspects of the implementation of the National Programme on Sobriety in Poland announced in as the fruit of the National Sobriety Congress.
It demonstrates the priority of education in addressing important social issues, including alcohol problems. It shows the possibilities for pedagogues to engage in the process of positive social change. It also points to indicators of possible change. It was also a kind of promotion of the assumptions and goals of the National Programme on Sobriety in the community of pedagogues — researchers and practitioners.
Iwanicka K. DiG: Warszawa. It synthesises knowledge about the programme. It can serve both as a self-study guide for adepts of the programme and as a basis for designing research and prevention interventions for prisoners.
A very valuable filling of the gap in social rehabilitation interventions in the prison system. Wojcieszek M. Alcohol and Drug Addiction, , vol. Prevention research clearly seeks an effective impact, but this needs to be empirically proven. Analysis of the results obtained allows us to conclude that the programme is having the intended effect attitudes and behaviour.
Expand the table. The result was in favour of self-limitation of alcohol intake. Thus, the project was in line with the theme of the seminar: the search for factors causing the observed self-limitation of alcohol intake by young people in many developed states. Lublin, The text presented exposed the social conditions for a possible positive transformation in the field of alcohol problems and justified its feasibility. It also promoted the aims and objectives of the National Programme on Sobriety.
The prison sentence has many functions. One of them is the possibility of a positive transformation of the prisoner based on his personal development. Przeprowadzono m. Ponadto w marcu r. W listopadzie r. Tabela 1. Tabela 2. Tabela 3. Tabela 4. Inne np. Tabela 5. Kujawsko-Pomorskie 3. Lubuskie 5. Mazowieckie 8.
Opolskie 9. Podkarpackie Podlaskie Pomorskie Wielkopolskie Stabilne acz chaotyczne. Toggle navigation. Wzmocnienie finansowej kontroli nad narkobiznesem IV.
Brata Krystyna. Zakupiono: egz. Obecnie przygotowywany jest kolejny dodruk. Wojcieszek, J. Remedium nr , Warszawa r. Remedium nr 12, r. Podstawy profesjonalnej psychoprofilaktyki", informacje nt.
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